For many of these exercises, a command window will be required.To open a command prompt, click on the Start menu and choose ‘RUN’. Type ‘cmd’ and press the ‘Enter’ key. Display the network settings for a machine using the ipconfig command. This command is the most basic of network commands and provides configuration information for the host computer as well as relevant network gateway information.At the command prompt, type ipconfig /all.Observe all information listed e.g.the IP address, MAC address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS suffix, etc.Based upon the IP address, what IPv4 class does this network fall into?Using the subnet mask, show how to determine the host address and the network address.Type the command hostname.Does the result of this command match the results the output observed from the ipconfig command?Test a TCP/IP configuration using the ping command.The ping command operates at the internet layer of TCP/IP and is based upon the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). It is alternatively referred to as an ‘ICMP echo request’. Perform a brief piece of web research to compare and contrast ICMP with IP. Using the command prompt, type ping 127.0.0.1 in order to ping the loopback address (this is a reserved IP address that allows the computer to test itself without going into the network). Ping your computer using the IP address obtained from the ipconfig command.Ping the default gateway. Perform a brief piece of web research and explain what a default gateway is and what a DHCP server is.If you can log into another machine within the lab, try and ping the second host machine.Using the command prompt, type ping 128.220.151.167. Why do you think there are so many timeouts from this host? Using the tracert command to view a listing of how a network packet travels through the network.This command traces the route of an IP packet from the host to the destination address. Type the command tracert www.morgan.eduType the command tracert 10.4.1.247Use the ping command on any IP address you observe from the traceroute command.Type the command tracert www.jhu.eduCompare the results from parts a and b. Why do you think there are so many timeouts from the JHU network path? Type the command netstat under the following conditionsWith no web browser opened, check to see what connections are open on your host machineRepeat part (a) with a web browser open and record any differences you observe. What types of addresses are shown in the ‘foreign address’ column? What type of connection is listed under the ‘proto’ (i.e. protocol) column?Now type the command netstat –a.What other types of connections are listed in the ‘proto’ command? Perform a brief piece of web research and explain the protocol for each connection listed in the ‘proto’ column. What layer in TCP/IP are each of these connections referring to?Compare the output of netstat –r with route PRINT. Perform a brief piece of web research to explain what a routing table and what a metric is.Using the nslookup command to perform a reverse lookup on an IP address of a domain or host on a network Type the command nslookup www.morgan.edu and document the results of this command.Type the command nslookup 10.12.20.1 and document the results of this command.Type the command nslookup www.cnn.edu and document the results of this command. Using the arp (address resolution protocol)Type the command arp –a and explain what this command is doing. What is the difference between nslookup and arp?Perform a brief piece of web research and explain what DNS sever does.
